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This tips page is just to give you an idea of the scope and versatility of
Cygwin/Linux. Also how you can get the best of both worlds Windows & Linux
and specifically how they can interact with Cygwin.
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" new items marked *N* , corrected items marked *C*
" searching
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# Installation *N*
Install directly from 
http://cygwin.com/setup.exe
# Tip if you have broadband and lots of harddrive select "full install"
# Update (say weekly before you go to lunch) Cygwin from
http://cygwin.com/setup.exe
# Tip before updating close down all Cygwin Windows/Activities
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# getting help
man zsh
info zsh
pinfo zsh
http://cygwin.com/packages/  where all the packages are listed
/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/ cygwin specific documentation
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# Use mount to make windows paths appear like unix paths
# allow tab to expand C:/ based paths
mount -f -u -b "c:" "/c"
mount -f -s -b "c:/Program Files/SQLyog311" "/sqlyog3"
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$ mount (the standard ones)
C:\cygwin\bin on /usr/bin type system (binmode)
C:\cygwin\lib on /usr/lib type system (binmode)
C:\cygwin on / type system (binmode)
c: on /cygdrive/c type user (binmode,noumount)
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http://www.gnu.org/manual/bash/index.html
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# main start file
c:\cygwin\cygwin.bat
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set editing-mode vi
set -o vi
!!
!$ (last argument)
!$:h (last argument, strip one level)
!?echo
vi !* (all parameters)
vi !$ (last parameters)
!42
history
^fred^joe
!42:p
also use control-R
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news.gmane.org newsgroup
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# check health of your installation
cygcheck -c
cygcheck -srv
cygcheck -c perl
cygcheck -f /bin/diff.exe #get version
cygcheck /bin/curl.exe     # check dll dependency (any missing)
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# Run Cygwin for a Dos Window (command prompt) or rxvt?
# I prefer a Dos window but most use rxvt (a cygwin utility)
# if you are using a DOS-Window for Cygwin (as I do) you will want
# to check "Quick-Edit Mode" in the the Properties-Options this allows
# you to use the mouse to copy/paste (IMPORTANT) *N*
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# Copy/Paste
# if you are using a DOS-Window for Cygwin (as I do) you will want
# to check "Quick-Edit Mode" in the the Properties-Options this allows
# you to use the mouse to copy/paste (IMPORTANT) *N*
echo fred | putclip   # copy/paste
getclip   # copy/paste
# the unix way
cat /dev/clipboard
echo hello > /dev/clipboard
getclip | putclip     # clean paste buffer of any formatting
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# Set up your DOS box for copy and paste
Check the boxes in the settings tab of the shortcut:
"QuickEdit Mode" [ and "InsertMode" ] (or in the settings at the 
top-left-window pull-down-menu).
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# Another way of making windows look for unix like or just easier to type
ln -s real_file linked_file
ln -s /usr/bin/perl perl
ln -s /cygdrive/c/usr/local/bin/perl perl
ln -s c:/aaa/ aaa
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# grep (everyone should master grep)
egrep "fredy*joe" *   star used as optional "y"
egrep "fred.*joe" *   dot star used as Any number of chars
egrep "\<fred.*joe" *   beginning of word
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#grep all files x* in all sub-directories (.)  containing "cellpadding"
grep -il -R  --include=x* cellpadding  .
egrep -il -R  --include=*.pl "searchstring"  .
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# sgrep has the advantage of being non-line based
sgrep -i '("<h1>" .. "</h1>")' index.php
sgrep -i '("fred" .. "joe")' essay.txt
It gets really useful when you stream it
sgrep -i '("fred" .. "joe")' essay.txt | egrep -i 'keyword' 
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# download a single page or whole website
# -nd (no directory) ie same any files in local directory
wget -r http://www.rayninfo.co.uk/photos.html
wget -r -nd http://www.rayninfo.co.uk/photos.html (create no local directories)
wget -r -nd -nv -P c:/tmp/ http://www.website.co.uk/env.cfm 
wget -i urllist.txt
wget -r -S --passive-ftp -A.html ftp://www.website.co.uk/html/ # passwd login in ~/.wgetrc
wget -r -A.html,.cfm -Rsite.cfm,addbasket.cfm,request_brochure.cfm -a log.txt --tries=2 http://www.website.co.uk/

time curl --connect-timeout 20 -o c:/tmp/env.cfm --url http://www.website.co.uk/env.cfm
# get all *.cfm,*.html pages in website root w/o getting site.cfm which recurses
wget -r -nd --level=0 -A.html,.cfm -Rsite.cfm,addbasket.cfm,request_brochure.cfm -a log.txt --tries=2 http://www.website.com/
wget -r -nd --level=0 -A.html,.cfm -Rsite.cfm,addbasket.cfm,request_brochure.cfm -a log.txt --tries=2 http://www.website.co.uk/

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# ftp client
ncftpput -u loginid -p password www.website.co.uk /public_html xx
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# very powerful find command
find . -name \*.[ch][ft]m\* -a \( -mtime -1 \) -exec gvim {} \;
same as
find . -name \*.[ch][ft]m\* -mtime -1 -exec vim {} \;
better
gvim $(find -name \*.[ch][ft]m\* -mtime -1)

find . -type f \( -name \*.html -o -name \*.cfm \) -mtime -1 | xargs gvim

find . -follow -type f \( -name \*.html -o -name \*.cfm \) -mtime -1 -print0 | xargs -0 gvim -f

find ~ -name 'proj1*' print | xargs cat
find . -name '*.*' -size 0 -exec ls -l {} \; # list zero sized files in a tree
find ./*.txt -type f | xargs perl -pi -e 's/old1/new1/g;s/old2/new2/g'
find . -name "*.cfm" -print | xargs grep -i host
find . -name "*.cfm" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i host
time find . -name '*' -exec echo {} + >/dev/null  (find w/o xargs)
find . -type f -name '*.sql' -mtime +7 -exec \rm {} \; #delete *.sql files older than 7 days
$ find . -type f \( -name '*.sql' -o -name '*.zip' \) -mtime +7 -print -exec \rm
 {} +
find . -type f -name '*.sql' -mtime +7 -print -exec \rm {} +  # use this one
find . -type f -exec grep -e "goat" {} \; -exec mv {} done \; #mv all files containing string
find . -type f -exec \grep -i "$1" {} /tmp/nul \; 2>nul | tee c:/tmp/tee.txt
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#Apache CYGWIN
/usr/sbin/apachectl start|restart|stop
/etc/apache/httpd.conf
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# Get domain name information (brilliant)
nslookup website.com
nslookup website.com ns1.nameserver.net
whois website.com
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# cygwin ping specify bytes -l 1472 bytes
$ ping -f -l 1472 www.website.co.uk
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# script in a line
for file in $(find . -type f -name '*.CPP'); do mv ${file} ${file/.CPP/.cxx}; done 
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# wrap for windows programs
notepad () {
     notepad.exe "`cygpath -w $1`"
}
cygpath -D #Desktop
explorer "$(cygpath -w "${1:-.}")"
cygpath -d . c:/Program\ Files/Internet\ Explorer # get short name
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#installing cron
$ cygrunsrv --stop cron
$ cygrunsrv --remove cron
$ cygrunsrv --install cron -p /usr/sbin/cron -a -D
$ cygrunsrv --start cron
/var/log/cron.log
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>crontab -e
#min(0-59) hr(0-23) dayofmonth(1-31)  monthofyear(1-12)  dayofweek(0-6) note 0=sun
* * * * * /usr/bin/date | /usr/sbin/ssmtp zzapper@ntlworld.com
05 16 * * 1  /path/to/script 2>&1 | /path/to/Cmail -s "/path/to/script" kevin
52 17 * * * /usr/local/bin/mail -s "Update WorkSheet" email@ntlworld.com
19 10 * * * /usr/local/bin/zipkinglocal
20 * * * * /usr/local/bin/myinfosql >> /dev/null 2>&1 | email -s "CRONBACKUP myinfosql"  cron@website.co.uk < /tmp/myinfosql.txt
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email -n "name" -f david@website.co.uk -r smtp.server.com -s "fred"  david@website.co.uk < /aaa/x
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gvim.exe $(history -1 | sed "s/.* //g")
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# secure shell ssh
ssh -l raynerd www.website.co.uk  (prompted for password)
# scp user@host:path/file
# scp -r user@host:path
scp raynerd@www.website.co.uk:/www/hosts/website.co.uk/www/html/epsystem/epsites/master/dev_images/9_map.gif .
# better sftp (as you walk around)
# sftp fetchs a file
sftp raynerd@www.website.co.uk:/www/hosts/website.co.uk/www/html/epsystem/epsites/master/dev_images/9_map.gif 
# sftp goes to a directory: use get to download, put to upload files
sftp raynerd@www.website.co.uk:/www/hosts/website.co.uk/www/html/epsystem/epsites/

use cd,ls etc to navigate remotelty
use lls,lcd to navigate my pc
use get (to ftp back to local)

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# file name generation fng
ls d*          # list only files d*
ls [^a-ce-z]*  # list only files d*
ls [^d]*       # list all but d
ls ???         # list all files with exactly 3 letters
ls ???*        # list all files with at least 3 letters
ls -l =perl    # = completes path to perl
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# how to open a Windows Application from shell
cygstart report.doc   (calls word)
antiword report.doc   (edits report.doc as a text file in vim)
cygstart . (Open explorer)
cygstart /   (Open explorer)
cygstart http://www.cygwin.com
cygstart --print README.txt
cygstart --maximize ~/projects/whatever/design.doc
cygstart -x . (Open explorer)
alias Z='cygstart .'
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# Windows version or Cygwin Version
I still use windows versions of programs rather than the native Cygwin versions, this is down to choice and sometimes because a GUI is more useful than a CLI
I prefer to use the windows version of vim ie gvim
I use Windows mysql and windows apache 2.x
Remember you often have the choice
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#sed cut
gvim.exe $(history -1 | sed -e "s/.* //g")
more wide.txt | cut -c25-   #cuts 1st 25 chars from display
more wide.txt | | fmt -40   #wraps at 40 characters
sed -n '2,35p' inputfile > outputfile # filter lines outside 2,35
# filter between two strings (regexp's if quoted)
sed -n "s/^\(.*$1\)\(.*\)\($2.*\)/\2/p" 
grep --color -Po 'src.*?mediarel.*?alt' *.cfm
:%!sed 's/str1/str2/2'      # substitute only 2nd occurrence of str1
sed '2d' poem  #        deletes second line of 'poem'
sed '2,4 s/tree/timber/' poem replaces the FIRST occurance of the word 'tree' with the word 'timber' in lines 2 through 4 of 'poem'
sed '7,/Linus/p' poem   prints every line from the seventh to the first with the word 'Linus'
sed 's/[Hh]emo/[Hh]aemo/g' poem in ALL lines of 'poem', change EVERY occurance of 'hemo' or 'Hemo' to 'haemo' or 'Haemo' (g = global)
sed -n '$p' poem        prints the last line of 'poem'
sed -n '/c[ao]n/p' poem prints only lines with 'can' or 'con' in them
sed -n '/c[^ao]n/p' poem prints only lines with words containing 'c?n' either a or o; omits 'can I go for a walk?' but includes 'can I go to Cincinatti for a walk?'
sed -n '/c[ao]n/!p' poem prints only lines WITHOUT 'can' or 'con' in them

The second part of an 'ed command' tells sed what changes to
apply. Note that some of these change commands will not accept
a range of lines (e.g., 2,6) for their action.
sed 'a\
> append THIS!' poem    puts the phrase 'append THIS!' on its own line after EVERY line in the file 'poem'
sed '/opt/ i\
                > insert THIS!' poem    puts the phrase 'insert THIS!' on its own line before every line containing the word 'opt'
sed '/You/ c\
                > Yo Mama' insults changes all lines with the word 'You' into the phrase shown
sed '/boots/ s/military/army/g' insults changes the word 'army' to 'military' whenever 'boots' is in a line of the file 'insults'
sed -n '3p' poem        prints the third line of 'poem'
sed '/nausea/q' ill     prints the file 'ill' up to the first occurance of 'nausea'
sed '$ r finish' poem   appends the contents of the file 'finish' to the file 'poem'
sed '/[aeio]/ !w uvowel.ls' poem copies every line from 'poem' lacking the letters [aeio] and puts them in a file called 'uvowel.ls'
sed '=' poem            prints the line numbers for each line of 'poem'
sed '/tart/=' poem      prints the line numbers of each line with the word 'tart' in 'poem'
sed '/don\'t/!p' poem   prints all lines without the word 'don't' from 'poem'
sed -i '$r lines.file' *.txt   # add text in lines.file to all files *.txt
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alias n12='zsh -c "pn;vi note012.txt"' # doesnt change local directory
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echo "scale=10; 4*a(1)" | bc -l
echo 2+4 | bc -l
template:bc: bc 4+3 7 a=last a*4 28 l(10) e(10) sqrt(4)
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# perl & shell
#!/bin/bash
perlscript='for $i (1..4) { $j="goat$i"; print " billy$j"; }'
fred=$(perl -e "$perlscript")
echo $fred
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UNC Universal Naming Convention. "C:\temp\test.doc" would be represented by "\\?\C:\temp\test.doc"
DEL \\.\c:\somedir\nul or delinvfile.exe (google for this utility)
ls -l **/nu*l  (use star as otherwise nul always found)
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sort -b poem         #  sort 'poem', ignoring blanks
sort -d poem         #  sort 'poem' using ONLY letters, numbers and blanks
sort -f poem         #  sort 'poem' ignoring letter case
sort -n inventory    #  sort 'inventory' by number value
sort -o surpoem poem #  sort 'poem' and put result into a newfile called 'surpoem'
sort -r poem         #  sort 'poem' in reverse order
sort -t: -f -o invsort +1 -3 inventory
sort 'inventory' using only the second and third words on each
line. Words are delimited by a full colon (not spaces). Ignore
the case of the letters and dump the result to a file called 'invsort'

sort -t; -n +2 -3 +7 number.list
sort 'number.list' using only the third and eighth values on
the lines. Values are delimited by semi-colons

sort -t- -d +2.3r -4 +6f listing > processed.list
sort 'listing' using only the third character of the third
word, sorted in REVERSE, the fourth word, sorted normally,
and the seventh word, sorted independent of letter case. The
field delimiter is a dash '-' and the output is redirected to 'processed.list'
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#testing if an executable exists
if whence -p vim > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "ok"; else echo "nok"; fi
if [ -x =vim ] ; then echo "ok" ; else echo "nok"; fi
if [ -x =vim ] 2>/dev/null ; then echo "ok" ; else echo "nok"; fi
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shutdown -r +20   # reboot in 20 minutes
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# fun utilities
fortune
wtf imho
ddate
factor 32
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/usr/sbin/httpd -f /etc/apache/httpd.conf  #start apache
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gcc 1.c -o 1.exe
main(){printf("hello\n");}
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ls | xargs -n 3 echo
ls olddir | xargs -i -t mv olddir/ newdir/
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ll permissions links? owner group size date filename
ls -l frankgaron.tex
-rwxrwxrwx  1 davidr None 4406 Jul 26 20:36 frankgaron.tex
ls -g frankgaron.tex
-rwxrwxrwx  1 None 4406 Jul 26 20:36 frankgaron.tex
ls -o frankgaron.tex
-rwxrwxrwx  1 davidr 4406 Jul 26 20:36 frankgaron.tex
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# disk used du
du -ch .   # totals & subdirectories totals
du -sh .   # just total in human readable
du -sh bh15Sep05 --exclude '*.txt'
du -h VeryLargeFile.iso  # filesize in Human Format
split -b1000m disk.iso  disk   # split an ISO into Gigabyte chunks
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cp file1 old 
vim file1 
diff -u old file1 >changes 
patch file2 changes
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gp 'host' **/(*.cfm~(ctpigeonbot|env).cfm)
grep -i 'host' **/(*.cfm~(ctpigeonbot|env).cfm)~*((#s)|/)junk*/*(.)
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# zipping up
zipsplit -n 4500000000 all.zip  # split for 4.7MB DVD
zip all.zip -@ < list.txt
zip all.zip m{33..38}.txt
zip -r all.zip www.successtheory.com
zip -r x www.website.co.uk -x \*/dev_images/\*
find . -name "*.[ch]" -print | zip source -@
find . -name '*.php' -exec zip all.zip {} \;
unzip -l ebooks1.zip G blaine
unzip -l "*.zip" V
unzip ebooks1.zip "*blaine*"
unzip "ebook*.zip" "*Hypno*"
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# edit the the last few lines of a file
tail -n100 note025.txt | gvim.exe -
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curl -u userid:password -d status=" updating twitter with from curl " http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml
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__END__
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" : commands to neutralise < for HTML display and publish
" use yy@" to execute following commands
:w!|sav! %:r.php |:/^__BEGIN__/,/^__END__/s#<#\<#g|:w!|:!cygtipsftp %
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